Fig. S8.

Normalized force-displacement curves measured in the cytoplasm of NRK cells show that the cytoplasm exhibits pure elasticity under high strain rate (Vτ/a >> 1) and small loading size (Va/D << 1). Each curve shown here is averaged over at least 20 individual experiments. Under high strain rates V/a (e.g., 4.4 s⁻¹ and 6.6 s⁻¹) and small loading sizes a (e.g., 0.5 μm), the normalized force-displacement curves obtained in the cytoplasm are close to each other with varied Va and V/a. In this poro-viscoelastic region, cytoplasmic mechanical behavior is independent with both speed and size.