TABLE 2.
Association of P-wave duration and PR interval with obesity and blood pressure: multivariable adjusted models
| Clinical characteristic | P-wave duration, ms, mean (95% CI) | PR interval, ms, mean (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Association with general obesity (BMI) | ||
| ≤24.9 kg/m2 | 104.55 (103.93–105.18) | 153.60 (152.68–154.53) |
| 25–29.99 kg/m2 | 106.39 (105.94–106.84) | 155.72 (155.05–156.39) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 109.01 (108.44–109.57)** | 159.23 (158.39–160.08)** |
| Per 5-unit increment | +1.86 (1.50–2.22) | +2.44 (1.90–2.98) |
| Association with visceral obesity (waist circumference) | ||
| ≤93.9 cm (M), ≤79.9 cm (W) | 104.90 (104.28–105.53) | 153.88 (152.95–154.81) |
| 94–101.9 cm (M), 80–87.9 cm (W) | 106.36 (105.81–106.91) | 155.64 (154.81–156.46) |
| ≥102 cm (M), ≥88 cm (W) | 107.96 (107.50–108.42)** | 157.97 (157.28–158.66)** |
| Per 5-cm increment | +0.82 (0.67–0.97) | +1.13 (0.90–1.35) |
| Association with visceral obesity (WHR) | ||
| WHR <0.90 (M), <0.85 (W) | 105.58 (105.08–106.08) | 154.70 (153.96–155.45) |
| WHR ≥0.90 (M), ≥0.85 (W) | 107.46 (107.07–107.86)* | 157.26 (156.67–157.86)* |
| Association with blood pressure/HTN status | ||
| <120/80 mm Hg | 105.10 (104.33–105.89) | 155.30 (154.13–156.47) |
| 120–139/80–89 mm Hg | 106.67 (106.29–107.05) | 156.15 (155.58–156.72) |
| ≥140/90 mm Hg | 107.76 (107.17–108.36)* | 157.02 (156.14–157.91)** |
| Systolic blood pressure per 10–unit increment | 0.48 (0.32–0.65) | 0.41 (0.16–0.66) |
| Diastolic blood pressure per 10-unit increment | 0.67 (0.37–0.97) | 0.52 (0.08–0.97) |
| Association with obesity and HTN, single and joint effects | ||
| Normal weight, normotensive | 103.65 (102.96–104.33) | 152.46 (151.44–153.49) |
| Normal weight, hypertensive | 105.47 (104.16–106.78) | 154.83 (152.88–156.79) |
| Overweight, normotensive | 105.51 (104.94–106.08) | 154.33 (153.48–155.17) |
| Overweight, hypertensive | 107.80 (107.05–108.55) | 157.97 (156.84–159.09) |
| Obesity, normotensive | 109.15 (108.32–109.98) | 159.27(158.03–160.51) |
| Obesity, hypertensive | 109.81 (109.07–110.55)** | 160.35 (159.24–161.45)** |
| Association with metabolic syndrome (no. components) | ||
| 0 | 102.79 (101.91–103.66) | 152.13 (150.82–153.43) |
| 1 | 106.05 (105.44–106.66) | 154.90 (15.96–155.77) |
| 2 | 106.98 (106.38–107.57) | 156.68 (155.80–157.57) |
| 3 | 107.40 (106.71–108.09) | 157.17 (156.14–158.20) |
| 4 | 108.85 (108.03–109.67) | 158.53 (157.31–159.76) |
| 5 | 109.05 (107.91–110.20)** | 159.80 (158.10–161.51)** |
Generalized linear models with P-wave indices as dependent variables were used to obtain adjusted least square means for P-wave indices. Linear models were used for estimating increment per unit. P values for trend were calculated across the levels of categorical variables.
*
P for trend <0.05;
**
P for trend <0.0001.
BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; HTN, hypertension.