Table 2.
Healthcare resource use and costs (2013 British pounds) in the 2-year period following index surgery among users of services, cases (postoperative pain (PPP)) versus propensity score matched controls (no PPP)
| Healthcare usage | Costs among users only | |||
| No PPP (n=1756) | PPP (n=1756) | No PPP | PPP | |
| n (%) | n (%) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |
| Any inpatient | 788 (44.9) | 1361 (77.5)** | £3678 (4520) | £5357 (5282)** |
| 0 | 968 (55.1) | 395 (22.5) | ||
| 1 | 377 (21.5) | 484 (27.6) | ||
| 2 | 192 (10.9) | 351 (20.0) | ||
| >2 | 219 (12.5) | 526 (29.9) | ||
| Any outpatient attendances | 1510 (86.0) | 1606 (91.5)** | £783 (975) | £1316 (1149)** |
| 0 | 246 (14.0) | 150 (8.5) | ||
| 1–6 | 904 (51.5) | 438 (24.9) | ||
| 7–12 | 349 (19.9) | 512 (29.2) | ||
| >12 | 257 (14.6) | 656 (37.4) | ||
| Any outpatient procedures | 435 (24.8) | 583 (33.2)** | £540 (817) | £664 (875)* |
| 0 | 1321 (75.2) | 1173 (66.8) | ||
| 1 | 203 (11.6) | 221 (12.6) | ||
| 2 | 86 (4.9) | 116 (6.6) | ||
| >2 | 146 (8.3) | 246 (14.0) | ||
| Any accident and emergency | 325 (18·5) | 484 (27·6)** | £257 (193) | £265 (213) |
| 0 | 1431 (81.5) | 1272 (72.4) | ||
| 1 | 205 (11.7) | 306 (17.4) | ||
| 2 | 67 (3·8) | 94 (5·4) | ||
| >2 | 53 (3.0) | 84 (4.8) | ||
| Any primary care | 1751 (99.7) | 1756 (100.0)* | £3178 (2560) | £4616 (3011)** |
| Number of primary care visits, mean (SD) | 73.3 (57.8) | 107.5 (68.3) | ||
| Any pain drugs | 1699 (96.7) | 1750 (99.7)** | £382 (2348) | £1165 (4349)** |
| Number of prescriptions, mean (SD) | 70.1 (98.6) | 104.9 (104.0) | ||
*p< 0.05 and **p<0.01 comparing rates of healthcare use (using Fisher’s exact tests) and mean costs (based on bootstrapping) among patients with PPP versus no PPP.