Fig. 1.

Results of the liability threshold models for downward mobility (left) and upward mobility (right); proportion of variance accounted for by additive genetic factors (A), shared environmental factors (C), and nonshared environmental factors (E). Downward mobility refers to the dichotomous variable for children from families with at least one university-educated parent; this model included the data from children who were either downwardly mobile (had not completed A Levels) or stably educated (had completed A Levels). Upward mobility refers to the dichotomous variable for children of parents without a university education; this model includes the data from children who were either upwardly mobile (had completed A Levels) or stably uneducated (had not completed A Levels). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.