Figure 1. Experimental protocol.

(A) Experimental protocol used for the visual motion adaptation paradigm. Participants were seated in a stationary (locked) Barany chair surrounded by a full-field black and white curtain that was either stationary or rotated rightward (during motion conditions) at 30°/s. Eye movements were recorded with electro-oculography. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the early visual cortex, and the curtain was viewed through the binoculars. The participant’s head was fixed with clamps over the ears. (B) Timeline of the experimental protocol. Initially, we established the individual phosphene threshold and then assessed baseline measures of cortical excitability by viewing the static curtain (i.e., baseline) with 20 TMS pulses followed by assessing cortical excitability with 20 TMS pulses during rightward motion of the curtain at 30°/s (i.e., motion preadaptation). We then adapted participants to rightward motion of the curtain at 30°/s for 5 minutes; immediately after this adaptation period, we assessed cortical excitability again during rightward visual motion with 20 TMS pulses (i.e., motion adapted). OKS = optokinetic stimulus.