Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses for contributing factors of insomnia among individuals with tension-type headache (N = 570)
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR, 95% CI, P-value | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Sex | ||||
| 1.2 (0.8–2.0), p = 0418 | 1.2 (0.7–2.0), p = 0.609 | 1.3 (0.8–2.4), p = 0.305 | 1.2 (0.7–2.2), p = 0.528 | |
| Age | ||||
| 20s | Reference | |||
| 30s | 0.8 (0.3–1.8), p = 0.556 | 0.7 (0.2–1.6), p = 0.360 | 0.6 (0.2–1.5), p = 0.256 | 0.5 (0.2–1.4), p = 0.220 |
| 40s | 1.1 (0.5–2.4), p = 0.772 | 1.1 (0.5–2.5), p = 0.833 | 1.1 (0.5–2.6), p = 0.836 | 1.1 (0.4–2.6), p = 0.910 |
| 50s | 1.6 (0.8–3.4), p = 0.206 | 1.7 (0.7–4.2), p = 0.246 | 0.8 (0.3–2.1), p = 0.704 | 1.0 (0.4–2.8), p = 0.931 |
| 60s | 1.3 (0.6–3.0), p = 0.485 | 1.2 (0.4–3.5), p = 0.689 | 0.9 (0.3–2.6), p = 0.789 | 0.9 (0.3–3.0), p = 0.928 |
| Size of residential area | ||||
| Large city | Reference | |||
| Medium-to-small city | 1.2(0.7–2.0), p = 0.508 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1), p = 0.566 | 1.4(0.8–2.4), p = 0.295 | 1.3(0.7–2.4), p = 0.395 |
| Rural area | 0.5(0.2–1.2), p = 0.125 | 0.5 (0.2–1.5), p = 0.244 | 0.5(0.2–1.6), p = 0.268 | 0.6(0.2–1.8), P = 0.340 |
| Education level | ||||
| Middle school or less | Reference | |||
| High school | 0.9(0.5–1.7), p = 0.732 | 0.9(0.4–2.0), p = 0.716 | 0.6(0.2–1.5), p = 0.260 | 0.6(0.2–1.4), p = 0.215 |
| College or more | 0.7(0.3–1.3), p = 0.226 | 0.8(0.3–2.1), p = 0.622 | 0.5(0.2–1.4), p = 0.190 | 0.5(0.2–1.6), p = 0.250 |
| Not responded | 1.8(0.2–18.5), p = 0.621 | 2.1(0.2–22.2), p = 0.543 | 1.9(0.1–28.8), p = 0.626 | 2.3(0.2–32.9), p = 0.539 |
| Anxiety | 5.4 (2.9–10.0), p < 0.001 | 3.9(2.0–8.0), p < 0.001 | 3.0 (1.4–6.7), p = 0.006 | |
| Depression | 16.5 (6.8–40.2), p < 0.001 | 14.8(5.5–39.7), p < 0.001 | 5.8 (2.0–16.3), p = 0.001 | |
| Short sleep time | 3.1 (1.9–5.3), p < 0.001 | 1.2(0.7–2.3), p = 0.538 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4), p = 0.570 | |
| Poor sleep quality | 12.8 (7.1–23.0), p < 0.001 | 13.4(7.1–25.3), p < 0.001 | 9.9 (5.1–19.2), p < 0.001 | |
Model 1 included sociodemographic variables (sex, age, size of residential area, level of education), anxiety, and depression
Model 2 included sociodemographic variables, short sleep time (≤6 h), and poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 6)
Model 3 included sociodemographic variables, anxiety, depression, short sleep time, and poor sleep quality