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. 2017 Sep 12;7:11311. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11532-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The dynamic cytokine changes exhibited by M. fortis and C57BL/6 mice following infection with S. japonicum. The cytokine levels in the sera of M . fortis were significantly higher from second to third week post-infection compared to that of C57BL/6 mice, including 1a, monokines (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1b, and GM-CSF); 1b, Th1 cytokines (e.g., IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-2); 1c, Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-3); 1d, Th17 cytokine (i.e., IL-17); 1e, chemokines (i.e., MCP-1); 1 f, angiogenesis factors (e.g., VEGF and TNF-α).