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. 2017 Sep 12;7:11247. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10982-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cytotoxicity of PgP/pβ-Gal polyplexes at N/P ratio of 30/1 in normal rat spinal cord. At 2 and 7 days post-injection, rats were sacrificed and spinal cords explanted, embedded, sectioned, and toxicity was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Apoptotic cells were stained in green with blue DAPI nuclear counterstaining. (A and B) show representative images of TUNEL+ cells in spinal cord at 2 days post-injection (Top: sham control, Middle: bPEI/pβ-Gal polyplexes at N/P ratio of 5/1, Bottom: PgP/pβ-Gal polyplexes at N/P ratio of 30/1). (C and D) show representative images of TUNEL+ cells in spinal cord at 7 days post-injection (Top: naked pDNA, Middle: bPEI/pβ-Gal polyplexes at N/P ratio of 5/1, Bottom: PgP/pβ-Gal polyplexes at N/P ratio of 30/1), (A and C) Original magnification 200X (scale bar indicates 100 µm), (B and D) Enlarged images of highlighted interest region, original magnification 400X (scale bar indicates 50 µm).