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. 2017 Sep 12;7:11262. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11361-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Deletion of the GacS periplasmic detection domain affects biofilm formation. (a) Biofilm production in glass tubes (upper panel) is illustrated and quantified after crystal violet-staining (lower panel). Biofilm levels represent mean values (with error bars) obtained from three independent experiments. *, **, *** and ns refer to p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and non-significant difference, respectively, according to the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. (b) Biofilm formation is monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy after 12 h. The extracted z images and their respective xy and xz planes are shown.