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. 2017 Sep 12;7:11262. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11361-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of mutations in the GacS detection domain on rsm genes, T3SS and T6SS expression. (a) Activities of the rsmZ–lacZ (left panel) and rsmY–lacZ (right panel) transcriptional chromosomal fusions were monitored at different growth stages in the PAK_WT, PAKΔgacS, PAKgacS _R94A, PAKgacS _H97A, PAKgacS _H124A PAKgacS _H133A strains. The corresponding β-galactosidase activities are expressed in Miller units and correspond to mean values (with error bars) obtained from three independent experiments. (b) Transcript levels of VgrG1b (T6SS; black bar) and ExoS (T3SS; white bar) were monitored in the PAK, PAKΔgacS, PAKgacS _R94A, PAKgacS _H97A, PAKgacS _H124A and PAKgacS _H133A strains using RT-qPCR and fold change is displayed for the four mutant strains compared to the PAK strain. *, ** and *** refer to p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively, according to the moderated t-tests.