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. 2017 Sep 12;7:11395. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11721-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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μ-XRF mapping identifies and locates tattoo particle elements in skin and lymph node tissue sections. Sections of skin and lymph node tissue from donor 4 were analyzed by means of synchrotron μ-XRF. (a) Visible light microscopy (VLM) images of the area mapped by μ-XRF. Tattoo pigments are indicated by a red arrow. (b) DAPI staining of adjacent sections showing the cell nuclei. (c) μ-XRF maps of P, Ti, Cl and/or Br. For the lymph node, areas of similar size are marked in (a) and (b). (d) Average μ-XRF spectra over the full area displayed in (c) *diffraction peak from sample support; **scatter peak of the incoming beam. (e) Ti K-edge μ-XANES spectra of skin and lymph node compared to transmission XANES spectra of reference material of rutile, anatase and an 80/20 rutile/anatase mixture calculation.