Table 4.
The change in muscle strength, physical performance and IGF-1 over time and the difference between the groups at baseline and after 12-month follow-up (the primary analysis)1.
| Variables | Placebo | Low-dose pRJ | High-dose pRJ | P values2 | P for trend2 | P values3 | P for trend3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 51) | (n = 60) | (n = 52) | |||||||||||
| Baseline | At 12 Months | Changes | Baseline | At 12 Months | Changes | Baseline | At 12 Months | Changes | |||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 22.3 (20.0, 24.6)4 | 22.0 (19.2, 24.7) | −0.98 (−2.04, 0.08) | 21.4 (19.3, 23.5) | 22.8 (20.4, 25.1) | 0.50 (−0.65, 1.65) | 20.9 (18.6, 23.1) | 21.9 (19.2, 24.6) | 1.03 (−0.37, 2.44) | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| 6MWT (m) | 341.0 (308.4, 373.7) | 335.5 (300.3, 370.7) | −5.50 (−22.7, 11.6) | 339.9 (307.0, 372.9) | 319.3 (289.5, 349) | −20.7 (−41.0, −0.4) | 335.7 (300.7, 370.7) | 323.6 (289.4, 357.8) | −12.1 (−28.8, 4.7) | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.49 | 0.61 |
| TUGT (sec) | 10.6 (9.10, 12.1) | 12.0 (9.70, 14.4) | 1.40 (0.04, 2.76) | 12.2 (10.4, 13.9) | 12.9 (11.0, 14.9) | 0.78 (0.05, 1.52) | 13.6 (10.9, 16.3) | 14.1 (10.8, 17.4) | 0.50 (−1.34, 2.34) | 0.63 | 0.35 | 0.6 | 0.32 |
| Standing on one leg with eyes closed (sec) | |||||||||||||
| right leg | 4.08 (2.51, 5.65) | 3.31 (2.48, 4.14) | −0.77 (−2.35, 0.81) | 5.03 (2.86, 7.21) | 4.40 (2.64, 6.15) | −0.64 (−3.09, 1.82) | 3.26 (2.23, 4.30) | 2.90 (2.06, 3.73) | −0.37 (−1.42, 0.69) | 0.96 | 0.77 | 0.99 | 0.88 |
| left leg | 3.72 (2.91, 4.53) | 4.35 (3.05, 5.65) | 0.63 (−0.73, 1.99) | 4.68 (2.70, 6.66) | 4.98 (3.27, 6.69) | 0.30 (−0.84, 1.43) | 4.16 (2.84, 5.49) | 3.43 (2.42, 4.45) | −0.73 (−2.00, 0.54) | 0.29 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.11 |
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 97.4 (75.5, 119.4) | 79.1 (71.8, 86.3) | −20.0 (−44.2, 4.20) | 86.7 (77.8, 95.5) | 90.8 (83.0, 98.6) | 4.80 (−5.90, 15.6) | 86.5 (75.2, 97.8) | 85.1 (77.7, 92.6) | 2.10 (−11.5, 15.8) | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
1pRJ, protease-treated royal jelly; 6MWT: six minute walk test; TUGT, timed up and go test; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1.
2 P values for differences between the groups over the 12-month study period.
3Adjusted for nursing home.
4Mean (95% confidence interval).