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. 2017 Sep 12;7:11338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11092-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phenotypic Spread of the DGRP. Imidacloprid response in the DGRP was assessed using the Wiggle Index at 2 doses (A) 25 ppm and (B) 100 ppm. Relative movement ratios represent the amount of imidacloprid response with a value of 1 reflecting no response and 0 the most substantial response. At each dose there was a spectrum of phenotypic responses ranging from susceptible (blue) to resistant (red). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.