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. 2017 Sep 8;8:1721. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01721

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Copyright © 2017 Witkowski, Perley, Brocato, Hooper, Jürgensen, Schulzke, Krüger and Bücker.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hantavirus survival in gastric juice. Infectious dose of 10⁶ Puumala virus particles was suspended to pure gastric juice set to pH 1–7 with NaOH for 1, 10, or 15 min. After given incubation intervals the gastric juice was neutralized with NaOH and the virus suspension was used to infect VERO-E6 cells for focus titration of infectious particles (n = 4). As at low pH the inactivation activity was expected to be high pH 2 was omitted to save valuable sample volume.