Fig. 1.

General task outline. A: on each trial a single target appeared at 1 of 8 possible locations arranged equally around the start position. After the target appeared, but before moving, participants were asked to verbally report which number they were aiming toward for the current trial. B: in all 3 experiments, participants first completed 56 baseline trials with veridical feedback. This was followed by a rotation block in which the visual feedback was rotated about the start position. Finally, participants completed a no-feedback washout block, where both visual and auditory feedback were withheld. In experiments 1 and 3 participants completed 128 rotation trials for a total of 264 trials, while in experiment 2 participants completed 220 rotation trials for a total of 456 trials.