Table 1.
Some main findings of AHAP phase I
| First author [year] | Study information | Main results |
|---|---|---|
| Bayani MA [2016] (5) | Subject: Metabolic syndrome N= 1562 (M=865, F=703) |
High prevalence of metabolic syndrome (74.3%) in males: 65%, in females: 85.7% |
| Rasoulinejad SA [2015] (6) | Subject: Hypertensive retinopathy N=505 (Patients referred to the eye clinic) |
Prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy: 12.9% |
| Rasoulinejad SA [2015] (7) | Subject: Age-related macular degenerations (AMD) N=505 (Patients referred to the eye clinic) |
Prevalence of AMD: 17.6% Correlation between AMD and smoking: Adjusted OR:5.03 (CI95%: 2.47-10.23) |
| Hosseini SR [2013](8, 9) | Subject: Oral health | Mean decay-missing-filled (DMF) = 25.33±8.96 Significant association between DMF with smoking and depression |
| Hosseini SR [2014](10) | Subject: Bone mineral density (BMD) N=1000 (M=554, F=446) |
Positive association between body mass index (BMI) and BMD Pearson correlation between BMI and BMD T.score: Lumbar spine: r=0.16, p<0.001 Femoral neck: r=0.35, p<0.001 |
| Heidari B [2015](11) | Subject: Osteoporosis (OP) N=537 (Post-menopausal women) |
Significant association between OP with menopause duration, parity and history of fracture Significant negative relationship between OP with metabolic syndrome, obesity, serum ferritin, physical activity and high educational level |
| Heidari B[2017](12) | Subject: Osteoporosis (OP) N=553 (Males) |
Prevalence of OP:16.2% Positive association between OP with age, anemia and prior fracture Negative association between OP with obesity, muscle strength and diabetes |
| Teimorian M[2016] (13) | Subject: Osteoporosis N= 156 (82 osteoporotic and 74 healthy individuals) |
Increasingimmune hormone IL-10 and parathormone in the serum of osteoporosis vs. non-osteoporosis people (p<0.05) |
| Porhashem Z [2012] (14), Ghadimi R[2017] (15), Mirzapour A [2016] (16), Bayani MA [2016] (17), Seyfizadeh N[2016](18) | Subject: Osteoporosis (OP) | Association between low mineral mass and smoking. Higher mean of lumbar and femur bone mineral densities in older people with diabetes than without diabetes. Significant direct correlation between normal levels of TSH and femoral density in females but not in males No significant association between OP with serum vitamin D level, RH and ABO blood types |
| Ghasemi A [2015](19) | Subject: Diabetes & Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels N= 792 Males |
Mean PSA levels: 1.88±2.98 Significant correlation between PSA and BMI (p=0.001). No association between PSA levels and diabetes. |
| Mirzapour A [2015](20) | Subject: Diabetes N=1525 |
Prevalence of diabetes: 30.6% (known diabetes: 23%, undiagnosed diabetes: 7.6%) Inverse relationship between FBS and serum uric acid level (r=-0.054, p=0.012). |
| Moudi E [2017](21) | Subject: Nephrolithiasis N=1390 (M=779, F=611) |
Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis: 14.53% (in males: 16.8%, in females: 11.6%) Association between nephrolithiasis with male gender, obesity and age<75y |
| Moudi E [2016](22) | Subject: Microscopic hematuria N=1243 (M=674, F= 596) |
Relationship between microscopic hematuria and aspirin use (adjusted OR=1.40, CI95%: 1.02-1.92) |
| Moudi E [2017] (23) | Subject: Urinary incontinence N=590 (Females) |
Prevalence of urinary incontinence: 32.9% Increasing the possibility of the urinary incontinence with constipation history, spouseless status and use of corticosteroid drugs |
| Bijani A [2014] (24) | Subject: Drugs N=1534 (M=842, F=692) |
Prevalence of polypharmacy (in females: 35.12%, in males: 16.51%, p<0.001) |
| MonemiAmiri A [2015] (25), Hosseini SR [2015] (26), Taghipour M [2016] (27) | Subject: Physical activity | Low level of physical activity in older people. Significant relationship between physical activity with bone mineral density, balance control, etc. Significant inverse correlation betweenphysical activity with age, drug use and chronic diseases |
| Hosseini SR [2016](28) Vakili Sadeghi M [2017] (29) |
Subject: Falls N=1616, N=1482 |
Prevalence of falls (the last 12 months): 17% (in males: 14%, in females: 22.4%, p<0.001). No relationship between falls with serum vitamin D levels and anemia |
| Alipour M[2015](30), Taghipour-Darzi M[2013] (31) | Subject: Chronic musculoskeletal pain N=857 (M=599, F=258) & N= 1614 (M=883, F=731) |
Prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain: (77.7%-82.4%) The most common sites of pain: the knees, back, feet and shoulders No relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain with obesity and female gender No significant relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain with vitamin D level and functional disability |
| Babaei M [2017](32) |
Subject: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
N=240 (IDA+: 80, IDA-: 160) |
Ability of serum ferritin to diagnose
IDA (AUC=0.615, CI95%: 0.536-0.694) |
| Sotuneh N [2014] (33), Fotouk-kiai[2015] (34) | Subject: Helicobacter pylori (HP) N=1300 (M=759, F=541) N=967 |
Prevalence of HP infection: 76.2% (in males: 78.3%, in females: 73.4%) No significant relationship between the level of antibodies against HP with bone mineral density (BMD), BMI, FBS and lipid profiles. |
| Mouodi S [2016](35) | Subject: Living alone N= 1544 (M=841, F=703) |
Frequency of living alone: %6.8% Significant relationship between living alone and many disorders or disabilities (fall, symptoms of depression, unexplained headaches, etc.) |
| Ahmadiahangar A[2016] (36) | Subject: Headache N=1499 (M=832, F=667) |
Prevalence of headache: 42% Significant dose-response relationship between depression and headache: Mild depression: OR:2.59 (CI 95%: 2.03-3.31) Moderate depression: OR:3.65 (CI 95%: 2.58-5.1) Severe depression: OR:6.04 (CI 95%: 3.54-10.3) |
| Kheirkhah F [2014] (37), Ahmadiahangar A[2014](38), Rezaeimehr Z [2016] (39), Kheirkhah F[2016](40) | Subject: Cognitive disorders | Prevalence of cognitive impairment: 18.3%- 31.5% Some related factors with cognitive impairment: Age, low educational level, spouseless, female gender, lived lonely, low bone mineral density, etc. No significant association between cognitive disorders with serum vitamin D levels, H. pylori infection, etc. |
| Faramarzi M [2017] (41), Kheirkhah F [2016] (42), Faramarzi M [2015] (43), Kheirkhah F [2015] (44) |
Subject: Depressive disorders | Prevalence of depressive symptoms: 43.4% Some protective factors against depression: Social support, occupation and high educational level, etc. Some related factors for depression: Cognitive impairment, female gender, chronic pain, comorbidities, smoking, spouseless, low testosterone levels (in males), etc. |
| Younesi S[2015] (45), Kheirkhah F [2017] (46), Kheirkhah F [2016] (47), Negahdar H [2015] (48), Moallem M [2016] (49), Momeni H [2015] (50), Gezel S[2016] (51), Aleahmad A [2015](52) |
Subject: Relationship between some trace elements and some disorders. | The relationship between some elements (copper, zinc, selenium, manganese and others) and oxidant/antioxidant states with some diseases (osteoporosis, depression, cognitive disorders, physical disabilities and others) in these studies |