Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, alcohol use disorders identification test-consumption trajectory group, death, and loss to follow-up among eligible participants, overall and by Veterans Aging Cohort Study index score trajectory group (n, % except as noted).
| Characteristic | VACS index trajectory group
|
P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Low | Moderate | High | Extreme | ||
|
| ||||||
| N = 3,539 | N = 68 (2%) | N = 1629 (46%) | N = 1290 (36%) | N = 552 (16%) | ||
| Age (median, IQR) | 49 (44–55) | 42 (38–44) | 46 (41–51) | 52 (47–56) | 53 (48–58) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline VACS index (median, IQR) | 17 (29–46) | 0 (0–0) | 12 (18–24) | 30 (38–46) | 65 (56–76) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 90 (3) | 2 (3) | 45 (3) | 31 (2) | 12 (2) | 0.858 |
| Race | < 0.001 | |||||
| White | 827 (23) | 26 (39) | 447 (28) | 271 (22) | 83 (16) | |
| African American | 2395 (68) | 37 (55) | 1042 (66) | 909 (73) | 407 (78) | |
| Other | 182 (5) | 4 (6) | 91 (6) | 58 (5) | 29 (6) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 332 (9.4) | 9 (13) | 162 (10) | 110 (9) | 51 (9) | 0.405 |
| On HAART at baseline | 2615 (73.9) | 56 (82.4) | 1177 (72.3) | 963 (74.7) | 419 (75.9) | 0.075 |
| CD4+ cell count (median, IQR cells/μl) | 367 (213–555) | 719 (638–904) | 450 (310–620) | 309 (187–483) | 170 (6–331) | < 0.001 |
| Virally suppressed (< 400 copies/ml) | 1482 (42) | 48 (71) | 782 (48) | 484 (38) | 169 (30) | < 0.001 |
| HCV positive | 1790 (51) | 0 (0) | 599 (37) | 799 (62) | 394 (71) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 1880 (53) | 27 (40) | 838 (52) | 709 (55) | 306 (56) | < 0.001 |
| Injection drug use, ever | 1170 (33) | 10 (15) | 400 (25) | 517 (41) | 243 (52) | < 0.001 |
| Depressive symptomatologya | 790 (22) | 9 (13) | 357 (22) | 289 (23) | 135 (25) | 0.147 |
| Education, high school or less | 1476 (42) | 18 (27) | 585 (36) | 590 (46) | 283 (51) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | < 0.001 | |||||
| Married/living with partner | 806 (23) | 13 (19) | 397 (25) | 300 (24) | 96 (18) | |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1432 (40) | 17 (25) | 563 (35) | 567 (45) | 285 (53) | |
| Never married | 1249 (35) | 38 (56) | 649 (40) | 407 (32) | 155 (29) | |
| Homeless, ever | 1388 (39) | 15 (22) | 606 (37) | 542 (42) | 225 (41) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline AUDIT-C (median, IQR) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | < 0.001 |
| AUDIT-C trajectory group | < 0.001 | |||||
| Abstainers | 854 (24) | 19 (28) | 316 (19) | 338 (26) | 181 (33) | |
| Lower risk | 1576 (45) | 29 (43) | 739 (45) | 580 (45) | 228 (41) | |
| Moderate risk | 843 (24) | 20 (29) | 458 (28) | 272 (21) | 93 (17) | |
| Higher risk | 266 (7) | 0 (0) | 116 (7) | 100 (8) | 50 (9) | |
| Died during study period | 1105 (31) | 4 (6) | 241 (15) | 469 (36) | 391 (71) | < 0.001 |
| Loss to follow-up | 772 (22) | 20 (29) | 461 (29) | 244 (19) | 47 (9) | < 0.001 |
Not all cells add to 100% because of missing values. AUDIT-C; alcohol use disorders identification test-consumption; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IQR, interquartile range; VACS, Veterans Aging Cohort Study.
a
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score at least 10 indicates moderate depressive severity [25].