Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients.
| Patient | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WM | ||||
| Age at diagnosis | 62 (2009) | 82 (2010) | 81 (2003) | 72 (2002) |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||
| Anemia | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Polyadenopathies | Yes | No | No | No |
| LDH elevation | Yes | No | No | No |
| Hyperviscosity | No | No | Yes | No |
| Others | No | No | No | No |
| BM infiltration (FCM) | 12% | 22% | 16% | 11% |
| Frontline therapy (year) | R-VD (2009) | R-CD (2010) | None | W&W |
| Therapies at relapse (year) | FC (2011) | FC (2013)RB (2013/2014)R-VD (2015) | None | None |
| Transformation to DLBCL | ||||
| Time to transformation (years) | 3 | 5 | 3 | 13 |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||
| Anemia | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Polyadenopathies | No | Yes | No | No |
| LDH elevation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| B symptoms | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Others | Splenomegaly | |||
| Tumor infiltration (FCM) | 40% (Spleen) | 50% (Adenopathy) | 16% (BM)a | 43% (BM) |
| DLBCL therapy | None | GemOx (2015) Ibrutinib (2016) | None | RCOP (2015) (reduced) |
| Status | Dead | Palliative care | Dead | Dead |
Abbreviations: BM, bone marrow; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FC, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide; FCM, flow cytometry; GemOx, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; RB, rituximab, bendamustine; R-CD, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone; RCOP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone; R-VD, rituximab, bortezomid, dexamethasone; WM, Waldeström macroglobulinemia; W&W, watch and wait (observation).
a
BM: 8% WM and 8% DLBCL.