Figure 8.
SFN-provoked cell cycle arrest and senescence are mediated by epigenetic changes, namely global DNA hypomethylation, decreased levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3B and changes in microRNA profile in breast cancer cells. Moreover, SFN induced a decrease in m6A RNA methylation that is also considered as an epigenetic regulation at the RNA level. SFN may promote genetic instability directly or indirectly by SFN-mediated DNA hypomethylation and/or diminution in m6A RNA methylation pools. SFN-associated cytostatic action may also result from SFN-induced nitro-oxidative stress and decreased AKT signaling.