Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics (Percentages or Means/SDs) for Demographics, Nicotine and Cocaine Use, Depression, and Drinking Patterns and Problems for the Total Sample of Heavy Drinkers and by Latent Heavy Drinking (HD) Class
| Latent HD class
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total HD sample | SC | SNC | LO | YA | F or χ2 | P |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age at time of assessment | 49.4 (7.9) | 50.9 (7.2)c | 48.9 (7.1)b | 50.6(7.8)c | 47.3 (8.4)a | 15.5 | <0.001 |
| African American (%) | 61.3 | 64.8 | 60.0 | 65.4* | 54.4** | 17.7 | 0.038 |
| Married at time of assessment (%) | 22.8 | 20.5 | 25.7 | 21.4 | 24.2 | 17.2 | 0.309 |
| Income level | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.3(1.1)a | 2.8 (1.3)b,c | 2.6 (1.2)b | 2.8 (1.3)c | 11.4 | <0.001 |
| Educational level | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.3 (1.0)a | 4.5 (0.9)a,b | 4.6 (1.0)b | 4.7 (0.8)b | 8.6 | <0.001 |
| Nicotine use | |||||||
| Number of years smoking | 25.5(11.7) | 28.1 (11.6)b | 24.2(12.2)a | 25.8(10.9)a, b | 23.7(11.9)a | 7.3 | <0.001 |
| Current use (%) | 56.2 | 60.1 | 53.7 | 59.5 | 50.9** | 8.1 | 0.044 |
| Cocaine use | |||||||
| Ever used (%) | 64.1 | 68.7 | 68.1 | 65.3 | 56.0*** | 14.3 | 0.003 |
| Current use (%) | 22.3 | 30.2*** | 21.5 | 21.8 | 17.0** | 15.9 | 0.001 |
| Frequency of use (past year) | 1.2 (1.5) | 1.5 (1.7)b | 1.3 (1.5)a,b | 1.2 (1.5)a,b | 1.0 (1.3)a | 6.5 | <0.001 |
| Depression | |||||||
| BDI score (of 7) | 3.2 (3.8) | 3.8 (4.2)a | 3.3 (3.8)a,b | 3.0 (3.8)a,b | 2.8 (3.3)b | 3.7 | 0.011 |
| BDI cutoff for depression (%) | 35.7 | 42.2** | 36.2 | 33.4 | 32.6 | 7.5 | 0.06 |
| Drinking patterns and problems | |||||||
| Drinking frequency | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.6)c | 2.1 (1.5)a,b | 2.4 (1.5)b,c | 1.8 (1.4)a | 11.2 | <0.001 |
| Frequency of binge drinking | 1.6 (1.6) | 2.2 (1.6)c | 1.5 (1.5)a | 1.7(1.5)a | 1.1 (1.3)b | 30.0 | <0.001 |
| Others concerned overdrinking (%) | 19.4 | 27.9*** | 12.0** | 26.1*** | 9.8*** | 52.1 | <0.001 |
| Trouble cutting down on drinking (%) | 43.2 | 60.6*** | 40.7 | 49.7** | 22.6*** | 100.0 | <0.001 |
| Trouble controlling drinking (%) | 38.1 | 49.6*** | 41.2 | 40.5 | 23.2*** | 49.2 | <0.001 |
| Age at first drink (years) | 17.2 (4.0) | 16.8 (4.3)a | 16.9 (3.8)a,b | 17.7 (4.3)b | 17.1 (3.2)a,b | 3.4 | 0.018 |
| Age of first HD episode (years) | 21.8 (6.8) | 18.4 (3.5)a | 18.5 (3.1)a | 28.0(8.0)b | 20.0 (4.2)c | 261.3 | <0.001 |
SC, severe chronic; SNC, severe nonchronic; LO, late onset; YA, young adult; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.
Means with different superscripts are significantly different from one another and are based on post hoc Tukey’s tests (for continuous variables). Categorical covariate significance levels are denoted with asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) and were based on post hoc logistic regressions—that is, the categorical covariates were regressed onto each of the HD class designations. Results are based on the combined sample of HIV+ and non-HIV controls.