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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2017 Jun 12;23(7):829–838. doi: 10.1038/nm.4346

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Thermoneutral housing is associated with augmented intestinal permeability and dysbiosis of the microbiome. (a–c) 6 week-old WT C57BL/6 male mice were housed at TS (22°C) or TN (30°C) for 24 weeks and fed a chow or HFD. (a) Flow of FITC labelled dextran through the intestine (n = 4 per group). (b) Phyla level differences of TS and TN mice after 24 weeks HFD (n = 8 per group). (c,d) Relative phyla abundance and principle coordinate analysis in mice housed at TS (n = 8 per group) or TN (n = 8 per group) and either healthy, lean humans (n = 16 per group) or NASH patients (n = 22 per group) described previously. (e–h) 6 week-old WT C57BL/6 male mice were housed at TS (22°C) or TN (30°C) and fed a HFD. After 8 weeks of HFD, mice were mock-treated (Ctrl) or treated with antibiotics (Tx) supplied in drinking water in addition to HFD exposure for additional 16 weeks. (e) Flow of FITC labelled dextran through the intestine of control 22°C chow, HFD and 30°C HFD (n = 4 per group) and treated 22°C and 30°C HFD (n = 3 per group) fed mice. (f) Representative liver histology (n = 4 per group) by H&E staining. Scale bars, 50μm. (g) Inflammation score per NAS criteria (n = 4 per group). (h) Serum ALT levels (n = 8 per group). For bar graphs, data represents mean + s.e.m. (a) A representative of 2 individual experiments. (b–h) A single experiment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. (a, e, g and h) One way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test. (c) Mann-Whitney test.