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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 12.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2017 Jun 12;23(7):829–838. doi: 10.1038/nm.4346

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Thermoneutral housing-driven modulation of hematopoietic TLR4 signaling regulates NAFLD progression. (a) 6 week-old WT C57BL/6 male mice were housed at TS (22°C) or TN (30°C) conditions for 2 weeks prior to initiation of 8 weeks of HFD. Upregulated gene expression pathways, and genes within pathways, determined by RNASeq analysis (n = 2 per group). (b–d) 6 week-old TLR4fl/flVav1-Cre+ and control TLR4fl/flVav1-Cre− mice on a C57BL/6 background were housed at TS (22°C) or TN (30°C) for 24 weeks and fed a chow or HFD. (b) Representative liver histology by H&E staining at 40x magnification of TLR4fl/flVav1-Cre− mice housed at 22°C (n = 3 per group) and 30°C (n = 5 per group) compared to TLR4fl/flVav1-Cre+ mice housed at 22°C (n = 4 per group) and 30°C (n = 4 per group). Scale bars, 50μm. (c) NAFLD activity score as determined by histology. (d) Serum ALT levels of TLR4fl/flVav1-Cre− mice housed at 22°C (n = 9 per group) and 30°C (n = 8 per group) compared to TLR4fl/flVav1-Cre+ mice housed at 22°C (n = 7 per group) and 30°C (n = 5 per group). Blue denotes TS (22°C); Red denotes TN (30°C). (a) A single experiment. (c–d) A representative of 2 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. (c–d) One way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test.