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. 2017 Aug 10;8(8):e2983. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.386

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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CDDO-Im pretreatment protected against liver I/R injury by means of autophagy induction. (a–c) Mice were pretreated with 3-Methyladenine (30 mg/kg, IP) 2 h after CDDO-Im (2 mg/kg, IP) or DMSO and killed at 6 h after reperfusion. (a) Serum ALT and AST levels. (b) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections (original magnification, × 100) and (c) relevant average Suzuki score. (d, e) Representative fluorescence micrographs display autophagosomes in primary hepatocytes with 3-MA in the presence or absence of CDDO-Im (original magnification, × 400). The numbers of autophagosomes were determined. (f) Quantification of average cytotoxicity (% cell death) in different groups were plotted. (n=3–4 per group, mean±S.E.M., **P<0.01, *P<0.05)