Figure 1.

CQ sensitises 4T1 cells to ionising radiation, MTOR-PI3K inhibition and growth factor/serum depletion. (a) 4T1 cells were exposed to irradiation (1–10 Gray) and incubated ±CQ (25 μM) as indicated for 24 h. After this treatment, drug-free media were replenished and viability was assessed by clonogenic growth and quantified. Viability expressed as clonogenic index where control (no CQ) represents 100% (n=3 experiments±S.E.M.). ***P<0.001 by one-way ANOVA as compared with no CQ at equivalent irradiation. (b) Cells were incubated in full-nutrient or serum-free DMEM ±CQ (25 μM) for 24 h. Cells were then replenished with full-nutrient drug-free growth media and assessed for viability (n=3 experiments±S.E.M.). ***P<0.001 by one-way ANOVA as compared with no CQ serum-starved condition. (c) Cells were treated with the dual MTOR/PI3K inhibitor (NVP-BEZ-235) at increasing doses ±CQ for 24 h. Full-nutrient drug-free growth media were replenished and cells were assessed for viability (n=3 experiments±S.E.M.). *P<0.05 by one-way ANOVA as compared with paired no CQ serum condition under same NVP-BEZ-235 dose