Figure 3.

CQ triggers apoptosis- and necroptosis-independent 4T1 cell death. (a) Cells were starved of serum (-S) ±CQ (25 μM) for 24 h. Where indicated, Z-DEVD-FMK (10 μM) was included. Immunoblotting confirmed PARP and caspase 3 cleavage following CQ treatment combined with serum starvation. (b) Cells were starved of serum ±CQ (25 μM) in the presence of Z-DEVD-FMK (10 μM), as indicated, for 24 h. After treatments, clonogenic viability was measured. Z-DEVD-FMK did not significantly (N.S.) rescue cell viability despite blocking caspase 3 activation. (c) Cells were starved of serum ±CQ (25 μM) in the presence of Necrostatin-1 (20 μM), as indicated, for 24 h. The necroptosis inhibitor did not rescue cell viability. (d) Cells were starved of serum ±CQ (25 μM) in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine (10 mM), as indicated, for 24 h. ROS scavenger did not rescue cell viability