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(A–E) Transcriptional induction of cell death-related genes under alkaline stress in rice roots. Two-week-old rice seedlings were grown under unstressed control (open columns) or alkaline-stressed (filled columns) conditions for 3 days. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed using OsACT1 as an internal standard. Asterisks denote a significant difference to the control plants (∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01).
