Table 2.
Odds ratios of low or high plasma potassium associated with baseline patient characteristics – Multinomial logistic regression using patients with plasma potassium of 4–5 mmol/L as the reference group)
| Plasma potassium (mmol/L) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| <4 | >5 | ||
| Age (per year) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | |
| Women vs men | 1.49 (1.16–1.90) | 0.47 (0.30–0.72) | |
| Sub-Saharan vs other ethnicity | 1.35 (0.99–1.83) | 1.15 (0.66–1.99) | |
| mGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | |||
| <15 | 0.11 (0.05–0.23) | 29.65 (10.87–80.88) | |
| 15–30 | 0.26 (0.18–0.38) | 13.58 (5.71–32.3) | |
| 30–45 | 0.47 (0.34–0.63) | 5.70 (2.42–13.45) | |
| 45–60 | 0.67 (0.49–0.90) | 2.70 (1.07–6.85) | |
| >60 | 1 | 1 | |
| BMI | |||
| <19 | 1.46 (0.83–2.59) | 1.49 (0.65–3.43) | |
| 19–25 | 1 | 1 | |
| 25–30 | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.78 (0.51–1.20) | |
| >30 | 0.78 (0.57–1.07) | 1.05 (0.65–1.73) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoked | 1 | 1 | |
| Former smoker | 0.85 (0.66–1.11) | 1.02 (0.67–1.54) | |
| Active smoker | 0.76 (0.54–1.06) | 1.66 (1.03–2.67) | |
| Mean blood pressure (per mmHg) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | |
| Cardio-vascular history | 0.63 (0.46–0.88) | 0.81 (0.51–1.28) | |
| ACR (mg/mmol) | |||
| <3 | 1 | 1 | |
| 3–30 | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 1.25 (0.76–2.08) | |
| >30 | 0.80 (0.59–1.10) | 1.13 (0.67–1.90) | |
| Diabetes | 0.86 (0.66–1.13) | 1.56 (1.04–2.34) | |
| Urine potassium | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | |
| Serum albumin | |||
| ≥35 | 1 | 1 | |
| <35 | 1.23 (0.87–1.74) | 1.23 (0.76–1.98) | |
| Serum potassium increasing drugsa | 0.58 (0.44–0.78) | 2.50 (1.17–5.35) | |
| Serum potassium-lowering drugsb | 1.70 (1.33–2.17) | 1.01 (0.69–1.49) | |
a loop or thiazide diuretic, kayexalate or bicarbonates b ACEi or ARBs or potassium-sparing diuretics
BMI, body mass index, CVD, cardiovascular disease, mGFR, measured GFR, ACR, ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine
The analyses was adjusted for center