Table 3. Maternal treatment outcomes following buprenorphine versus methadone use in pregnancy, n=791a.
| Buprenorphine n=183 |
Methadone n=608 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dose at delivery, median [5%, 95%] | 16 mg [2, 24] | 93.5mg [35, 185] | - |
| Treatment discontinuationb | 24 (13.1) | 1 (0.2) | <0.01 |
| Illicit opioid usec | 27 (14.8) | 151 (24.9) | <0.01 |
| Illicit drug used | 43 (23.5) | 215 (35.4) | <0.01 |
| Amphetamine/methamphetamines | 2 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | 0.37 |
| Barbiturates | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 0.58 |
| Benzodiazepines | 10 (5.5) | 78 (12.8) | <0.01 |
| Cocaine | 15 (8.2) | 100 (16.5) | <0.01 |
| Marijuana | 25 (13.7) | 123 (20.2) | 0.05 |
a
n (%) unless otherwise indicated
b
discontinuation of buprenorphine or methadone maintenance treatment after use in pregnancy
c
≥ one positive urine drug screen for illicit opioids after initiation of opioid maintenance treatment in pregnancy
d
Composite illicit drug use variable defined as ≥ one positive urine drug screen for amphetamine/methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine and/or marijuana after initiation of opioid maintenance treatment in pregnancy