Table 1. Main non-collagenous extracellular matrix proteins present in tooth hard tissues.
| Gene | Protein | Function | Phenotype linked to polymorphism in humans | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Name | Uniprot Access.N° | ||
| AMBN | Ameloblastin | Q9NP70 | Structural constituent of enamel, involved in mineralization | AI [40] |
| AMELX | Amelogenin X | Q99217 | Structural constituent of enamel, involved in mineralization | Hypoplasia, AI [12, 42] |
| AMELY | Amelogenin Y | Q99218 | Structural constituent of enamel, involved in mineralization | |
| AMTN | Amelotin | Q6UX39 | Structural constituent of enamel, involved in mineralization | Hypomineralization, AI [41] |
| CEMP1 | Cementum protein 1 | Q6PRD7 | Structural constituent of cementum | |
| DMP1 | Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 | Q13316 | Structural constituent of dentin | |
| DSPP | Dentin sialophosphoprotein | Q9NZW4 | Structural constituent of dentin, involved in mineralization | DI, DD [12, 38] |
| ENAM | Enamelin | Q9NRM1 | Structural constituent of enamel, involved in mineralization | Enamel thickness [15] Hypoplasia, AI [36, 37, 42] |
| KLK4 | Kallikrein-4 (Enamel matrix serine proteinase 1) | Q9Y5K2 | Involved in the maturation of enamel matrix proteins | Hypoplasia, AI [12] |
| MMP20 | Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (Enamelysin) | O60882 | Involved in the maturation of tooth matrix proteins | Hypoplasia AI [12] |
| MGP | Matrix Gla protein | P08493 | Structural constituent of bone and tooth, negative regulator of mineralization | |
| ODAM | Odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein | A1E959 | Structural constituent of enamel | |
| TUFT1 | Tuftelin | Q9NNX1 | Structural constituent of enamel | |
AI: amelogenesis imperfecta, DD: dentinogenesis dysplasia, DI: dentinogenesis imperfecta