Fig 4. DMBQ induction of ROS depends on Ca²⁺ in A. thaliana seedlings.

(A) Seedlings were treated with 10 μM DMBQ, LaCl₃, and TFBQ as indicated for 1 hour then visualized for ROS production with H₂DCF-DA. (B) Seedlings were treated with 10 μM DMBQ for the indicated period of time then visualized for ROS production with H₂DCF-DA. Relative ROS production is normalized to DMBQ-free seedlings treated with H₂DCF-DA, and all experiments are conducted in triplicate and expressed as average ± SD. Samples with different letters are statistically distinct from one another (p<0.05) based on a Tukey’s post-hoc test.