Table 3.
Drug use before and during pregnancy in Japan from 2011 to 2014 ( n =97,464).
| Before Pregnancy Diagnosis | Before Week 12 of Pregnancy | After Week 12 of Pregnancy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, Carcinostatic drugs | Antimicrobial | 13,668 | 14.02 | 3223 | 3.31 | 8415 | 8.63 |
| Antiviral | 3749 | 3.85 | 1194 | 1.23 | 1521 | 1.56 | |
| Antifungal | 936 | 0.96 | 1112 | 1.14 | 1904 | 1.95 | |
| Carcinostatic | 628 | 0.64 | 503 | 0.52 | 65 | 0.07 | |
| Corticosteroids | Corticosteroids: oral administration, inhalation, infusion | 3008 | 3.09 | 1120 | 1.15 | 1660 | 1.70 |
| Corticosteroids: external use, enema | 5415 | 5.56 | 2756 | 2.83 | 4283 | 4.39 | |
| Antipyreic, Analgesic drugs | Antipyretic, Analgesic, Medicine for common cold: prescription | 29,064 | 29.82 | 7498 | 7.82 | 12,982 | 13.32 |
| Antipyretic, Analgesic, Medicine for common cold: over the counter | 33,799 | 34.68 | 3035 | 3.16 | 1162 | 1.19 | |
| Poultice which the analgesic is included in | 4352 | 4.47 | 926 | 0.97 | 1711 | 1.76 | |
| Antirheumatic drugs | Immunosuppressant, Immunoregulation | 650 | 0.67 | 470 | 0.48 | 144 | 0.15 |
| Infliximab, Etanercept | 42 | 0.04 | 20 | 0.02 | 21 | 0.02 | |
| Antirheumatic drug unidentified in detail | 14 | 0.01 | 4 | 0.00 | 4 | 0.00 | |
| Antiallergy drugs | Antiallergic drug (oral administration, inhalation, nasal drip, tape, Antihistaminic) | 12,213 | 12.53 | 2688 | 2.76 | 5389 | 5.53 |
| Respiratory drugs | β stimulative (oral administration, inhalation) | 528 | 0.54 | 286 | 0.29 | 541 | 0.56 |
| Nontypable inhalant | 144 | 0.15 | 51 | 0.05 | 77 | 0.08 | |
| Antitussive, Expectorant | 4711 | 4.83 | 1362 | 1.40 | 4131 | 4.24 | |
| Theophylline | 346 | 0.36 | 88 | 0.09 | 189 | 0.19 | |
| Other respiratory drug | 207 | 0.21 | 89 | 0.09 | 181 | 0.19 | |
| Antidiabetic drugs, Antihyperlipidemic drugs | Insulin preparation | 100 | 0.10 | 163 | 0.17 | 289 | 0.30 |
| Hypoglycemic tablet | 207 | 0.21 | 96 | 0.10 | 35 | 0.04 | |
| Antihyperlipidemic | 79 | 0.08 | 27 | 0.03 | 26 | 0.03 | |
| Antigout | 9 | 0.01 | 2 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.00 | |
| Hormone-related drugs | Thyroid hormone preparation/levothyroxine sodium | 642 | 0.66 | 640 | 0.66 | 710 | 0.73 |
| Antithyroid/Thiamazole | 360 | 0.37 | 309 | 0.32 | 311 | 0.32 | |
| Other hormone drugs | 2245 | 2.30 | 966 | 0.99 | 340 | 0.35 | |
| Blood-related drugs | Iron preparartion | 1243 | 1.28 | 1670 | 1.71 | 11,736 | 12.04 |
| Other blood-related | 1030 | 1.06 | 2181 | 2.24 | 2040 | 2.09 | |
| Cardiovasucular drugs | Antihypertensive (including diuretic) | 269 | 0.28 | 145 | 0.15 | 291 | 0.30 |
| Pressor | 32 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.01 | 18 | 0.02 | |
| Antiarrhythmic, Antianginal | 51 | 0.05 | 49 | 0.05 | 68 | 0.07 | |
| Heart failure therapeutic | 3 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.00 | |
| Other caridiovasucular drugs | 181 | 0.19 | 142 | 0.15 | 167 | 0.17 | |
| Gastrointestinal drugs | Antiulcer (Proton pump inhibitor, H2 blocker) | 1397 | 1.43 | 345 | 0.35 | 686 | 0.70 |
| General gastrointestinal agents | 8107 | 8.32 | 2777 | 2.85 | 5036 | 5.17 | |
| Other gastrointestinal agents | 2325 | 2.39 | 1416 | 1.45 | 2176 | 2.23 | |
| Psychoactive drugs | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) | 518 | 0.53 | 173 | 0.18 | 149 | 0.15 |
| Antidepressant drug except the SSRI | 265 | 0.27 | 91 | 0.09 | 79 | 0.08 | |
| Antianxiety | 992 | 1.02 | 326 | 0.33 | 372 | 0.38 | |
| Sleeping pill | 946 | 0.97 | 228 | 0.23 | 238 | 0.24 | |
| Antipsychotic | 233 | 0.24 | 104 | 0.11 | 119 | 0.12 | |
| Valproic acid | 180 | 0.18 | 66 | 0.07 | 68 | 0.07 | |
| Antiepileptic except the above | 142 | 0.15 | 117 | 0.12 | 133 | 0.14 | |
| Lithium carbonate | 30 | 0.03 | 3 | 0.00 | 4 | 0.00 | |
| Other psychoactive drugs | 116 | 0.12 | 32 | 0.03 | 33 | 0.03 | |
| Perinatal drugs | Utero relaxants | 522 | 0.54 | 4982 | 5.11 | 14,822 | 15.21 |
| Utero-tonic | 795 | 0.82 | 188 | 0.19 | 279 | 0.29 | |
| Ovulation inducing | 3846 | 3.95 | 277 | 0.28 | 22 | 0.02 | |
| Other perinatal related drugs | 2420 | 2.48 | 2672 | 2.74 | 1964 | 2.02 | |
| Other drugs | Anesthetic, pain block injection | 932 | 0.96 | 112 | 0.11 | 447 | 0.46 |
| Chinese herbal medicines | 8389 | 8.61 | 5865 | 6.02 | 9175 | 9.41 | |
| External application (non-identified contents) | 4905 | 5.03 | 1972 | 2.02 | 3966 | 4.07 | |
| Injection, Drip infusion (non-identified contents) | 1460 | 1.50 | 1043 | 1.07 | 942 | 0.97 | |
| Bone & Calcium metabolism | 93 | 0.10 | 95 | 0.10 | 126 | 0.13 | |
| Antimigraine headache | 308 | 0.32 | 60 | 0.06 | 87 | 0.09 | |
| Muscle relaxant | 269 | 0.28 | 23 | 0.02 | 21 | 0.02 | |
| Antiemetic drug | 985 | 1.01 | 1802 | 1.85 | 1316 | 1.35 | |
| AntiParkinson | 112 | 0.11 | 38 | 0.04 | 12 | 0.01 | |
| Hemorrhoids | 297 | 0.30 | 377 | 0.39 | 1076 | 1.10 | |
| Supplements, vitamins/minerals | Folic acid | 6810 | 6.99 | 28,153 | 28.89 | 25,494 | 26.16 |
| Vitamin A | 122 | 0.13 | 70 | 0.07 | 72 | 0.07 | |
| Vitamin B | 2648 | 2.72 | 2282 | 2.34 | 2894 | 2.97 | |
| Vitamin C | 2794 | 2.87 | 1536 | 1.58 | 1793 | 1.84 | |
| Vitamin D | 131 | 0.13 | 111 | 0.11 | 148 | 0.15 | |
| Vitamin E | 636 | 0.65 | 277 | 0.28 | 267 | 0.27 | |
| Mineralas | 1760 | 1.81 | 4797 | 4.92 | 6751 | 6.93 | |
| Multi vitamins supplement | 3766 | 3.86 | 2956 | 3.03 | 3059 | 3.14 | |
| Total supplement | 2620 | 2.69 | 2680 | 2.75 | 3380 | 3.47 | |
| Illegal drugs | Marijuana | 2 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.00 |
| Psychostimulant | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.00 | |
| Ecstasy | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | |
| Thinner | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Toluene | 2 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Other illegal drugs | 2 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |
| Vaccines | 1431 | 1.47 | 318 | 0.33 | 897 | 0.92 | |
| Drugs not included in the list mentioned above | 5064 | 5.20 | 3011 | 3.09 | 5272 | 5.41 | |
| Forgot the drug name | 1342 | 1.38 | 486 | 0.50 | 607 | 0.62 | |
Before diagnosis of pregnancy: Drug use during the 12 months before diagnosis of pregnancy, Before week 12 of pregnancy: Drug use between the time from diagnosis of pregnancy until week 12 of pregnancy, After week 12 of pregnancy: Drug use from week 12 of pregnancy until the “In-T1” or “In-T2” interview.