Figure 3.

Integration of the major discoveries from ¹³C-MFA and corresponding metabolic engineering strategies for S. cerevisiae and E. coli. Abbreviations: G6P: Glucose 6-Phosphate, F6P: Fructose 6-phosphate, 6PG: 6-Phosphogluconate, Ru5P: Ribulose 5-Phosphate, X5P: Xylulose 5-phosphate, R5P: Ribose 5-Phosphate, E4P: Erythrose 4-Phosphate, PEP: Phosphoenolpyruvate, SA: Shikimic acid, MA: Muconic acid, MAA: Mycosporine-like Amino Acids, AA: Amino Acids. PGI: Phosphoglucose isomerase, G6PDH: G6P dehydrogenase, TKL: Transketolase, ARO: Pentafunctional protein ARO1p. DHAP: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, G3P: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Glyc: Glycerol, AceP: Acetyl-P, EtOH: Ethanol, Pyr: Pyruvate, ACAL: Acetaldehyde, Ace: Acetate, AcCoA: Acetyl-CoA, OAA: Oxaloacetate, CIT: Citrate, ICIT: Isocitrate, SUC: Succinate, MAL: Malate, Glox: Glyoxylate, GPD: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. XpkA: Phosphoketolase, ACK: acetate kinase, PDC: Pyruvate Decarboxylase, ADH: Alcohol dehydrogenase, PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase, cyto-PDH: Cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase, ACS: Acetyl-CoA synthetase, ACL: ATP citrate lyase, ICL: Isocitrate lyase, MLS: Malate synthetase. MaCoA: Malonyl-CoA, ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, FAS: Fatty acid synthesis enzymes, FAD: Fatty acids degradation enzymes, MEP: 2-methylerythritol 4-phosphate, mXR: Mutated xylose reductase, mXDH: Mutated xylitol dehydrogenase.