Fig. 1.

a Autobioluminescence from HEK293 cells demonstrated increasing reductions in metabolic activity levels at 2 and 4 hpi, while the liberated ATP from co-lysed E. coli O157:H7 artificially inflated CellTiter-Glo assay results as bacterial population sizes increased over time. b The alternative use of reactive oxygen species as a reporter for detecting the impacts of bacterial infection was similarly limited, as this assay could not differentiate between infected and non-infected control cells at 4 h post-infection. RLU relative light units