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. 2017 Sep 13;7:11450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11734-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Treatment with butyrate-producers results in higher butyrate production. Δ Mol% represents the difference in SCFA levels (acetate, propionate and butyrate) between samples treated with butyrate-producers and corresponding non-treated samples. Average values and SEM are plotted for samples of active CD (A) and CD in remission (R) after 18 h, 42 h and 65 h of treatment. Treatments are indicated with letter codes: BP 25-3: B. pullicaecorum 25-3; BP 1-20: B. pullicaecorum 1.20; FP: F. prausnitzii; MIX: mix of B. pullicaecorum 25-3, F. prausnitzii, R. intestinalis, R. hominis, E. hallii, A. caccae. Significant differences at 0.05 level between treatments are indicated with different letter codes, the averages of bars with the same letter in their letter code are not significant different from each other.