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. 2017 Sep 13;7:11471. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11516-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scatterplot of the first two principal components of DAPC showing assignment of unknown individuals to ancestry categories. The rows show pairwise combinations of parental populations. Top: Española × Floreana; middle: Floreana × PBL; bottom: Floreana × PBR. Parental populations are positioned at the ends of each plot with color coded first generation (F₁), second generation (F₂), and each backcross (BC) individuals between them. Ellipses encompass ~67% of the cloud of points for each group. These genotypes were used as a training set to define the discriminant functions and optimal number of PCs to retain. The Volcano Wolf tortoises with mixed ancestry are identified by black squares where placement is based on the previously defined discriminant functions.