Table 1.
Analytical performance characteristics of galactose oxidase-based amperometric biosensors
| Sensor design | Sensitivity | LOD (μM) | Linear range (mM) | Response time (s) | Storage stability (days)/Km (mM) | Real sample | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GalOx/Ferrocene/Graphite | 0.9 mA.M−1 | 2.8 | 5.6 × 10−3 – 0.6 | 44 | 52/− | - | [1] |
| GalOx/CA/Co-SPCE | 7.0 μA.mM−1.cm−2 | 20.0 | 0.1–25.0 | 30 | 14/~12.5 | Serum | [2] |
| GalOx/CA/Co-SPCE | 3.1 μA.mM−1.cm−2 | 0.2 | 1.98–9.25 | - | 14/− | Culture medium | [3] |
| GalOx/Glu/PC/H2O2 electrode | - | - | 0.0–28.0 | 40 | 7/− | Plasma, Blood | [8] |
| Glu/GalOx/Glu/1,3-DAB/Res/Pt | - | 50.0 | 50 × 10−3 – 6.0 | 18 | 30/2.5 | Plasma | [9] |
| GalOx/Glu/Chit/PB/Pt | 49.0 nA.mM−1 | 60.0 | 0.1–6.0 | 42–60 | 30/− | Serum | [10] |
| GalOx/Co3O4/Graphene/GCE | 6.6 μA.mM−1.cm−2 | 3.0 | 9.0 × 10−3 - 0.6 | 15 | ~30/1.2 | Serum | [11] |
| GalOx/Co3O4/MWCNTs/GCE | 10.4 μA.mM−1.cm−2 | 0.9 | 9.0 × 10−3 - 1.0 | 20 | ~30/0.7 | Serum | [11] |
| GalOx/Nafion/Pt | 100.0 nA.mM−1 | - | 0.25–4.25 | <30 | 10/− | Serum | [13] |
| GalOx/PVF/O2 electrode | - | 2.8 × 104 | 28.0–168.0 | - | 90/− | Milk | [17] |
| GalOx/Collagen/ H2O2 electrode | 1.0–3.0 mA.M−1 | 0.5 | 5.0 × 10−4 – 0.6 | 60 | ~300/− | Serum | [19] |
| PC/GalOx/Ferrocinium/CPE | - | - | - | <120 | −/14.5 | - | [21] |
| PU/GalOx/Polyacrylamide/O2/electrode | 15.0–51.0 pA.mM−1 | 2.0 | up to 1.5/10.0 | 0.5–5.0 | 30/− | - | [21] |
| GalOx/P3HT/SA/ITO | 4.2 nA.mM−1 | 5.6 × 10−3 | 5.6–22.2 | 6 | 90/− | Milk | [22] |
| GalOx/PEG/Polyanion/Pt | 106.0 nA.mM−1.cm−2 | - | 0.0–24.0 | <40 | −/43.0 | - | [23] |
| GalOx/Glu/Chit/SWCNT-GCE | 1126.0 nA.Mm−1 | 25.0 | up to 1.0 | - | −/− | Blood | [24] |
| GalOx/Poly-GMA-Co-VFc/Pt | 23.0 nA.mM−1.cm−2 | 100.0 | 2.0–20.0 | 5 | ~30/16.0 | - | [25] |
| GalOx/PEP/Au | 1.8 μA.mM−1 | 25.0 | 2.0–16.0 | 5 | ~10/14.7 | - | [26] |
| GalOx/Microtubules/ITO | ~6.4 μA.mM−1.cm−2 | 10.0 | 0.1–1.0 | 30–40 | 7/− | - | [27] |
| GalOx/Polypyrrole/Pt | 3.5–14.7 mA.M−1.cm−2 | 500.0 | 5.0 × 10−4 – 2.0 | - | 15/1.0–4.0 | Blood | [28] |
| GalOx/Polypyrrole/Pt | 37.5 nA.mM−1 | - | up to 2.0 | 30 | −/15.8 | - | [29] |
| GalOx/PVF/Pt | ~1.0 μA.mM−1 | - | up to 40.0 | 30–40 | 3/21.7 | - | [30] |
| GalOx/Polypyrrole-[p(HEMA)]/Pt | 937.0 μA.M−1 | 25.0 | 5.0 × 10−2 – 10.0 | 70 | 270/− | Serum | [31] |
| GalOx/Laponite clay/Pt | 85.0 mA.M−1.cm−2 | 1.0 | 1.0 × 10−3 - 1.6 | 5 | ~28/− | - | [33] |
| GADH/NADP+/Os/CPE | 1.7 μA.mM−1.cm−2 | 2.0 × 102 | 1.0–3.0 | - | −/68 | Milk | [35] |
Glu glutaraldehyde, PC polymcarbonate membrane, CPE carbon paste electrode, 1,3-DAB 1,3-diaminobenzene, Res resorcinol. PU polyurethane, PVF polyvinylferrocenium, [p(HEMA)] poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), P3HT poly-3-hexyl thiophene. SA stearic acid, ITO indium tin-oxide, P-4-MP Poly-4-methoxyphenol, CPE cabron paste electrode, Os osphendione, GADH galactose dehydrogenase, PVF polyvinyl formal