Fig. 9.

Redox power is regulated by the production of NADPH by the pentose phosphate pathway. a Oxidoreduction of NADP⁺ and NADPH. b Schematic drawing of the thioredoxin/glutaredoxin system. TXNRD thioredoxin reductase, GSR glutathione reductase, GSH glutathione, TXN thioredoxin, Cys cysteine, MSR methionine sulfoxide reductase, GLRX glutaredoxin, PRDX peroxiredoxin, GPX glutathione peroxidase. The suffix ox and rd represent the oxidized and reduced forms, respectively