Table 1.

LTR-driven expression or misexpression.

LTR element	cellular gene	effect	cancer type	study
MaLR-THE1B	CSF1R	overexpression	Hodgkin's lymphoma	[63]
LTR16B2	ALK	truncation	melanoma	[64]
MaRL- MLT1H2	ERBB4	truncation	ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma	[65]
HERV-E	CD5	alternative splicing with loss of function	healthy B cells and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells	[66]
HERV-H	GSDML	overexpression	healthy tissues and cancer cell lines	[67]
HERV-L33 HERV-H	DNAJC15	ectopic expression	cancer cell lines	[68]
HERV-P	NAIP	not tested	healthy tissue (testis-specific)	[69]
HERV-E	FABP7	overexpression	DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma)	[70]
LOR1a	IRF5	overexpression	Hodgkin's lymphoma	[71]
ERV9	CADM2	alternative splicing	stem cells and erythroleukaemia cell line	[72,73]
ERV9	SEMA3A	alternative splicing	stem cells and erythroleukaemia cell line	[72,73]
ERV9	TNFRSF10B	restored expression	healthy tissue (testis-specific)	[74]
ERV9	TP63	restored expression	healthy tissue (testis-specific)	[75]
MER41	AIM2	interferon inducibility	healthy cells	[76]