Table 1. Patients demographics and clinical characteristics at baseline.
| Variable | Frequency | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MTM group (n=54) | Non-MTM group (n=53) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), years | 61.3 (11.4) | 59.8 (13.5) | 0.121 |
| Gender | 0.091 | ||
| Male | 30 (55.5%) | 31 (58.5%) | |
| Female | 24 (44.5%) | 22 (41.5%) | |
| Mean body mass index, kg/m2(SD) | 24.2 (1.8) | 25.3 (2.1) | 0.752 |
| Duration of diabetes (years, SD) | 6.4 (1.9) | 6.2 (2.1) | 0.273 |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 28 (51.8%) | 26 (49.1%) | |
| Rural | 26 (48.2%) | 27 (50.9%) | |
| Employment status | 0.483 | ||
| Unemployed | 34 (62.9%) | 31 (58.5%) | |
| Employed | 20 (37.1%) | 22(41.5%) | |
| Educational status | 0.064 | ||
| Illiterate (unable to read and write) | 23 (42.6%) | 19 (35.8%) | |
| Primary school | 9 (16.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | |
| Secondary school | 12 (22.2%) | 10 (18.9%) | |
| Collage/university | 8 (14.8%) | 11 (20.8%) | |
| Average monthly income (in USD) | 0.321 | ||
| <75 | 29 (53.7%) | 32 (60.4%) | |
| 75-150 | 18 (33.3%) | 15 (28.3%) | |
| >150 | 7 (13%) | 6 (11.3%) | |
| Antidiabetic medications used | 0.581 | ||
| Metformin | 22 (40.8%) | 21 (39.7%) | |
| Metformin with glibenclamide (glyburide) | 26 (48.1%) | 27 (50.9%) | |
| Insulin | 6 (11.1%) | 5 (9.4%) | |
| Diabetic complications | 0.762 | ||
| Retinopathy | 14 (25.9%) | 11 (20.6%) | |
| Neuropathy | 13 (24.1%) | 15 (28.3%) | |
| Nephropathy | 15 (27.8%) | 10 (18.9%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 23 (42.6%) | 27 (50.9%) | |
Abbreviations: MTM: medication therapy management; Non-MTM: Non-medication therapy management