Table 2.
Antioxidants, oxidative stress markers and biomarkers of liver damage in plasma and whole blood of rats fed control diets or identical diets supplemented with α-cypermethrin (350 mg/kg), curcumin (1000 mg/kg), or a mixture of α-cypermethrin and curcumin (350 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively) for seven weeks.a
| Control | α-Cypermethrin | Curcumin | α-Cypermethrin + Curcumin | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | |||||
| α-Tocopherol (μmol/L) | 10.4 ± 1.3ac | 7.2 ± 2.0b | 12.2 ± 2.2c | 8.6 ± 1.4ab | <0.001 |
| γ-Tocopherol (μmol/L) | 0.40 ± 0.06a | 0.24 ± 0.12b | 0.46 ± 0.11a | 0.35 ± 0.09ab | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 0.233 |
| Triacylglycerols (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.264 |
| Retinol (μmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 0.286 |
| Ascorbic acid (μmol/L) | 72.1 ± 21.2 | 77.8 ± 37.5 | 77.5 ± 23.4 | 79.7 ± 34.4 | 0.948 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 84.2 ± 44.4 | 79.3 ± 33.7 | 89.9 ± 75.0 | 64.1 ± 17.4 | 0.655 |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | 45.6 ± 10.3a | 58.1 ± 16.7ab | 44.2 ± 9.6a | 63.4 ± 7.3b | <0.001 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 118.3 ± 22.7 | 113.1 ± 26.2 | 110.6 ± 26.9 | 126.4 ± 34.2 | 0.609 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/L) | 122.8 ± 28.0 | 145.6 ± 29.9 | 133.6 ± 34.6 | 138.1 ± 26.7 | 0.396 |
| Whole blood | |||||
| Malondialdehyde (μmol/L) | 9.9 ± 1.7ab | 11.3 ± 2.5a | 9.4 ± 1.2ab | 8.4 ± 1.1b | 0.006 |
| Total glutathione (μmol/L) | 1347 ± 81a | 1246 ± 100ac | 1093 ± 89b | 1166 ± 121bc | <0.001 |
| Catalase activity (U/mg protein) | 1.21 ± 0.46 | 1.56 ± 0.91 | 1.56 ± 0.70 | 1.31 ± 0.57 | 0.564 |
| Superoxide dismutase activity (U/mg protein) | 3.40 ± 1.90 | 2.38 ± 1.32 | 2.68 ± 1.31 | 4.02 ± 1.85 | 0.150 |
a
Values within a row not sharing a common superscript letter are significantly different at P < 0.05.