Table I.
Bivariate analysis of predictors for prediabetes in the development of INA-PRISC
| Prediabetes | Normal | 95% CI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | p value | OR | Min | Max | |
| 1. Age | ||||||||
| >55 years | 2.431 | 52.6 | 2.187 | 47.4 | <0.001 | 3.069 | 2.737 | 3.443 |
| 46–55 years | 2.323 | 48.0 | 2.515 | 52.0 | <0.001 | 2.550 | 2.275 | 2.859 |
| 36–45 years | 2.330 | 39.7 | 3.538 | 60.3 | <0.001 | 1.818 | 1.626 | 2.034 |
| 26–35 years | 1.295 | 29.5 | 3.100 | 70.5 | 0.018 | 1.154 | 1.025 | 1.299 |
| 19–25 years | 532 | 26.6 | 1.469 | 73.4 | Reference | |||
| 2. Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 3.878 | 44.5 | 4.830 | 55.5 | <0.001 | 1.273 | 1.205 | 1.345 |
| Female | 5.033 | 38.7 | 7.979 | 61.3 | Reference | |||
| 3. Education level | ||||||||
| Uneducation (never been to school/not completed primary school) | 2.510 | 49.2 | 2.590 | 50.8 | <0.001 | 1.745 | 1.627 | 1.871 |
| Low education (primary school certificate) | 3.260 | 41.7 | 4.564 | 58.3 | <0.001 | 1.286 | 1.208 | 1.369 |
| High education (high school and above) | 3.141 | 35.7 | 5.655 | 64.3 | Reference | |||
| 4. Diabetes history in first degree | ||||||||
| Yes | 124 | 50.8 | 120 | 49.2 | 0.002 | 1.492 | 1.159 | 1.921 |
| No/unknown | 8.787 | 40.9 | 12.689 | 59.1 | Reference | |||
| 5. Smoking habit | ||||||||
| Yes (daily and occasional smoker) | 2.920 | 45.8 | 3.454 | 54.2 | <0.001 | 1.320 | 1.244 | 1.400 |
| No (ex-daily, ex-occasional, and non-smoker) | 5.991 | 39.0 | 9.355 | 61.0 | Reference | |||
| 6. BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| ≥25 (obese) | 2.706 | 43.4 | 3,526 | 56.6 | <0.001 | 1.155 | 1.085 | 1.228 |
| 23–24.9 (overweight) | 1.412 | 40.5 | 2.072 | 59.5 | 0.525 | 1.025 | 0.949 | 1.107 |
| 18.5–22.9 (normal) | 4.793 | 39.9 | 7.211 | 60.1 | Reference | |||
| 7. High physical activity | ||||||||
| No or ≤1,500 MET-min/week | 5.298 | 39.2 | 8.215 | 60.8 | <0.001 | 0.820 | 0.776 | 0.867 |
| ≥1,500 MET-min/week | 3.613 | 44.0 | 4.594 | 56.0 | Reference | |||
| 8. Moderate physical activity | ||||||||
| No or <150 min/week | 1.238 | 45.0 | 1.514 | 55.0 | <0.001 | 1.204 | 1.111 | 1.305 |
| ≥150 min/week | 7.673 | 40.5 | 11.295 | 59.5 | Reference | |||
| 9. Physical activity classification | ||||||||
| No or less active | 353 | 39.5 | 541 | 60.5 | 0.049 | 0.866 | 0.751 | 0.999 |
| High or moderate physical activity | 5.830 | 40.3 | 8.647 | 59.7 | <0.001 | 0.895 | 0.843 | 0.950 |
| Both high and moderate physical activity | 2.728 | 43.0 | 3.621 | 57.0 | Reference | |||
| 10. Sedentary lifestyle | ||||||||
| ≥6 h/day | 1.940 | 39.6 | 2.960 | 60.4 | 0.059 | 0.932 | 0.866 | 1.003 |
| 3–5.9 h/day | 3.834 | 41.6 | 5.389 | 58.4 | 0.716 | 1.011 | 0.951 | 1.076 |
| <3 h/day | 3.137 | 41.3 | 4.460 | 58.7 | Reference | |||
| 11. Diet fiber (fruits and vegetables)/day | ||||||||
| <1 serving | 1.770 | 41.7 | 2.476 | 58.3 | 0.515 | 1.062 | 0.885 | 1.275 |
| 1–<2 servings | 3.805 | 40.7 | 5.538 | 59.3 | 0.816 | 1.021 | 0.856 | 1.218 |
| 2–<3 servings | 1.757 | 41.6 | 2.471 | 58.4 | 0.553 | 1.057 | 0.881 | 1.268 |
| 3–<4 servings | 1.091 | 40.6 | 1.597 | 59.4 | 0.874 | 1.015 | 0.841 | 1.226 |
| 4–<5 servings | 270 | 40.1 | 403 | 59.9 | 0.971 | 0.996 | 0.791 | 1.254 |
| ≥5 servings | 218 | 40.2 | 324 | 59.8 | Reference | |||
| 12. SBP | ||||||||
| ≥160 mmHg | 971 | 51.5 | 914 | 48.5 | <0.001 | 2.013 | 1.820 | 2.225 |
| 140–159 mmHg | 1.441 | 48.0 | 1.560 | 52.0 | <0.001 | 1.750 | 1.609 | 1.904 |
| 120–139 mmHg | 3.474 | 43.0 | 4.604 | 57.0 | <0.001 | 1.430 | 1.343 | 1.521 |
| <120 mmHg | 3.025 | 34.5 | 5.731 | 65.5 | Reference | |||
| 13. DBP | ||||||||
| ≥100 mmHg | 888 | 47.3 | 988 | 52.7 | <0.001 | 1.451 | 1.314 | 1.603 |
| 90–99 mmHg | 1.430 | 43.3 | 1.869 | 56.7 | <0.001 | 1.235 | 1.140 | 1.338 |
| 80–89 mmHg | 2.908 | 42.1 | 4.003 | 57.9 | <0.001 | 1.173 | 1.101 | 1.249 |
| <80 mmHg | 3.685 | 38.2 | 5.949 | 61.8 | Reference | |||
| Total | 8.911 | 41.0 | 12.809 | 59.0 | ||||