Table 2.

Environmental exposures and disease states associated with bronchiolitis and/or bronchiolitis obliterans disease.

Irritant gases, fumes or dusts:

Ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, mustard gas, smoke inhalation, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2, N2O4), phosgene, di-isocyanates, volatile flavoring agents, hot gases, fly ash, zinc chloride, metals (osmium, vanadium), metal oxide fumes (welding fumes), organic dusts (cotton, grain, wood), mineral dusts (coal, vitreous fibers, oil mist, Portland cement, silica, silicates), smoke (engine exhaust, tobacco smoke, fire smoke), overheated cooking oil fumes, spice dust.

Ingested toxins: Sauropus androgynus

Drug interactions: cocaine

Infectious and autoimmune diseases:

Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Childhood infections: (measles, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, pertussis)

Infections per se: (Herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus-1, Cytomegalovirus, Rubeola, Parainfluenza type 3, Adenoviruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Klebsiella, spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Bordatella pertussis, Mycobacterium chelonae, Nocardia asteroides, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis carinii)

Graft vs. host disease: (bone marrow, lung or heart-lung transplants)

Auto-immune connective tissue disorders: (rheumatoid arthritis, eosinophilic fascitis; polymyositis, cystic fibrosis with chronic infections, inflammatory bowel disease, Swyer-James syndrome, Sjogren⿿s syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus)