Table 1.

Case reports describing interactions between warfarin and Gouqizi.

Case	Location	Indication	Gouqizi form	Gouqizi dose	INR before Gouqizi	INR after Gouqizic	Treatment
Lam and Elmer [8]	Seattle, WA, USA	AFa	Tea	72∼96 oz	2.5	4.1	Warfarin withheld for 1 day
Leung et al. [9]	Hong Kong, China	AFa	Tea	50 g	3.0	4.97	Warfarin withheld for 2 days
				40 g	2.75	3.86	Warfarin withheld for 2 days
Rivera et al. [13]	Los Angeles, CA, USA	Knee surgery	Juice	240 ml	No INR measured	PT: 120 s with epistaxis, bruising and rectal bleeding	Phytonadione, 15 mg
Current case	Fujian, China	PHVb, AFa	Wine	20 ml	2.46	3.84 with hematuria	Warfarin withheld for 2 days

^aAF: atrial fibrillation.

^bPHV: prosthetic heart valve.

^cGouqizi: Lycium barbarum L. (also known as goji berry or Chinese wolfberry).