Table 3.
Comparison of prevalence of COPD between current and former smokers.
| Current smokers v/s former smokers |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of estimates | Heterogeneity test (Q Test) | Odds ratio (OR) |
95% C.I. | Pooled OR Test (z test) | |
| All | 34 | 1019.5, p < 0.001 | 1.29 | 1.01–1.64 | 2.07, p < 0.05 |
| Continent | |||||
| Asia | 5 | 179.7, p < 0.001 | 1.69 | 0.77–3.69 | 1.32, p = 0.19 |
| America | 11 | 80.34, p < 0.001 | 1.02 | 0.78–1.33 | 0.13, p = 0.89 |
| Europe | 18 | 722.89, p < 0.001 | 1.41 | 0.97–2.04 | 1.82, p = 0.07 |
| Diagnostic criteria | |||||
| Spirometry/Bronchodilator | 29 | 608.06, p < 0.001 | 1.23 | 0.98–1.55 | 1.76, p = 0.14 |
| Physician diagnosis/questionnaire | 5 | 179.48, p < 0.001 | 1.66 | 0.84–3.26 | 1.47, p = 0.09 |
| Study design | |||||
| Cross sectional | 30 | 552.47, p < 0.001 | 1.17 | 0.95–1.45 | 1.47, p = 0.14 |
| Cohort | 4 | 160.29, p < 0.001 | 1.47 | 0.53–4.08 | 0.74, p = 0.46 |