Table 3.
Effect of co-exposure of arsenic and nicotine on liver oxidative stress variables in rats.
| Normal | Arsenic | Nicotine | As + Nicotine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROS | 713.1 ± 10.3 | 821.4 ± 21.7* | 948.3 ± 9.6* | 852.8 ± 10.5* |
| GSH | 11.1 ± 0.33 | 8.23 ± 0.31* | 12.0 ± 0.26 | 10.3 ± 0.38** |
| GSSG | 3.72 ± 0.07 | 2.76 ± 0.10* | 3.62 ± 0.15 | 3.06 ± 0.15* |
| GSH/GSSG | 3.24 ± 0.07 | 2.74 ± 0.07* | 2.94 ± 0.06* | 3.13 ± 0.05** |
| TBARS | 4.71 ± 0.06 | 6.17 ± 0.17* | 8.92 ± 0.17* | 7.12 ± 0.38*, ** |
| SOD | 3.95 ± 0.08 | 3.22 ± 0.14* | 3.14 ± 0.19* | 3.15 ± 0.21* |
| Catalase | 6.75 ± 0.33 | 6.30 ± 0.21 | 4.34 ± 0.27* | 4.11 ± 0.22* |
| GPx | 0.513 ± 0.018 | 0.380 ± 0.016* | 0.297 ± 0.015* | 0.336 ± 0.009* |
| GR | 38.9 ± 0.14 | 38.2 ± 1.17 | 33.1 ± 1.03* | 36.1 ± 0.2 |
| GST | 11.1 ± 0.1 | 12.6 ± 0.3 | 14.6 ± 1.0* | 10.3 ± 0.9 |
Abbreviations and units: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)—FIU; Reduced glutathione (GSH)—mg/gm, Oxidized glutathione (GSSG)—mg/gm, TBARS—μg/gm, Superoxide dismutase (SOD)—units/min./mg protein; Catalase—μmoles H2O2 produced/min/mg protein; Glutathione Peroxidase as GPx—nmole conjugate produced/min/mg protein; Glutathione reductase as GR—units/l and Glutathione S-transferase as GST—μmole/min/mg protein.
Values are mean ± SE; n = 5.
*p < 0.05 When all the exposed groups (arsenic, nicotine and arsenic + nicotine) were compared with normal animals.
**p < 0.05 When co-exposed group was compared to arsenic group.