Table 4.
Effect of co-exposure of arsenic and nicotine on renal oxidative stress variables in rats.
| Normal | Arsenic | Nicotine | As+ Nicotine | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROS | 479.2 ± 5.3 | 492.8 ± 3.3* | 565.5 ± 28.5* | 543.4 ± 17.3* |
| GSH | 8.45 ± 0.35 | 6.68 ± 0.49* | 7.91 ± 0.24* | 8.79 ± 0.32** |
| GSSG | 2.57 ± 0.08 | 2.39 ± 0.07 | 2.51 ± 0.05 | 2.95 ± 0.14*, ** |
| GSH/GSSG | 3.43 ± 0.12 | 2.65 ± 0.17* | 2.87 ± 0.16* | 3.22 ± 0.03** |
| TBARS | 2.29 ± 0.02 | 3.04 ± 0.28* | 3.10 ± 0.15* | 3.15 ± 0.09* |
| SOD | 2.53 ± 0.06 | 2.11 ± 0.11 | 1.92 ± 0.15* | 1.95 ± 0.06* |
| Catalase | 4.88 ± 0.62 | 3.49 ± 0.30* | 3.25 ± 0.39* | 2.89 ± 0.12* |
| GPx | 0.487 ± 0.02 | 0.371 ± 0.03* | 0.37 ± 0.02* | 0.372 ± 0.02* |
| GR | 38.1 ± 1.8 | 34.7 ± 1.3 | 31.7 ± 1.5 | 35.7 ± 1.1 |
| GST | 9.8 ± 0.8 | 4.71 ± 0.3* | 6.60 ± 0.3* | 6.32 ± 0.4* |
Abbreviations and units: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)—FIU; Reduced glutathione (GSH)—mg/gm, Oxidized glutathione (GSSG)—mg/gm, TBARS—μg/gm, Superoxide dismutase (SOD)—units/min/mg protein; Catalase—μmoles H2O2 produced/min/mg protein; Glutathione Peroxidase as GPx—nmole conjugate produced/min/mg protein; Glutathione reductase as GR—units/l and Glutathione S-transferase as GST—μmole/min/mg protein.
Values are mean ± SE; n = 5.
*p < 0.05 When all the exposed groups (arsenic, nicotine and arsenic + nicotine) were compared with normal animals.
**p < 0.05 When co-exposed group was compared to arsenic group.