Fig. 1.

(A) Spontaneous cumulative diabetes incidence i.e. a glucose level above threshold for diabetes in these mice (13.9 mmol/l), shown as percentage of diabetic female offspring of NOD mice exposed to BPA and phthalate in the drinking water from before birth and throughout life (n = 25). The blue line represents animals receiving 1 mg/l BPA exposure, the turquoise line the phthalate exposed mice (DEHP 1 mg/l, DBP 0.2 mg/l, BBP 10 mg/l and DiBP 20 mg/l corresponding to 3 times tolerable daily intake for each chemical), the black line the combination of BPA and phthalates and the red line resembles the control group. (B) Histological evaluation of insulitis grade in pancreatic islets from 7 and 11 weeks old female NOD offspring after continuous BPA and phthalate exposure. Formalin fixed pancreas were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin–eosin and evaluated for severity of lymphocyte infiltration using light microscopy (n = 8). Grade 0 = no infiltration, grade 1 = periinsulitis <10% infiltration, grade 2 = 10–49% infiltration, grade 3 = 50–74% infiltration, and grade 4 = 75–100% infiltration. The insulitis grade per pancreas was set to the highest grade observed in 3 or more islets after grading all islets in 3 sections from different depths (5–15 islets per section), and presented as percentage of mice within each insulitis grade.