Table 1.

Primary and Six Secondary Metrics of Loss Adaptation

	Presence in Safe Quadrant (Primary Outcome)		Distance From Threat		Distance From Nearest Wall		Presence in Safe Place		Presence in Threat Quadrant		Token Collection		Speed When Outside Safe Place
Measure/Effect	F/t Value	p Value	F/t Value	p Value	F/t Value	p Value	F/t Value	p Value	F/t Value	p Value	F/t Value	p Value	F/t Value	p Value
Lorazepam Vs. Placebo Groups
Group	−0.85	.3987	−1.18	1	0.64	1	−1.33	1	0.67	1	−0.05	1	−1.22	1
Group × threat overall	0.91	.3789	1.09	1	0.30	1	0.27	1	5.55	.0570	0.26	1	0.18	1
Group × threat linear	0.56	.5745	0.88	1	−0.76	1	−0.57	1	−2.11	.2234	−0.34	1	0.27	1
Group × task	−0.19	.8511	−0.52	1	2.24	.1722	−2.20	.1926	−0.07	1	2.29	.1530	−0.45	1
Group × time overall	1.78	.1597	1.63	1	2.69	.3960	2.20	.7524	0.33	1	2.62	.3996	1.36	1
Group × time linear	−4.34a	<.0001a	−4.16a	.0003a	5.25a	<.0001a	−5.34a	<.0001a	0.09	1	5.34a	<.0001a	1.29	1
Group × threat × time overall	0.63	.7466	0.83	1	0.70	1	0.80	1	1.19	1	0.75	1	0.49	1
Amygdala Lesions Vs. Healthy Groups
Group	−1.59	.1305	−1.81	.525	0.83	1	−1.57	.8022	1.77	.5652	0.26	1	−0.72	1
Group × threat overall	0.31	.6901	1.80	1	0.49	1	0.18	1	3.89	.1812	0.47	1	0.54	1
Group × threat linear	0.58	.5660	0.35	1	0.46	1	−0.60	1	−0.82	1	−0.15	1	0.78	1
Group × task	−2.34a	.0321a	−2.87	.0642	0.39	1	−0.99	1	3.30a	.0252a	1.37	1	2.31	.204
Group × time overall	2.23	.1311	2.09	.9498	2.37	.6498	2.81	.6096	0.71	1	2.30	.6300	3.21	.1506
Group × time linear	−4.48a	.0001a	−5.17a	.0002a	4.14a	.0013a	−6.20a	<.0001a	1.91	.3783	4.72a	.0002a	3.68a	.0031a
Group × threat × time overall	1.55	.1474	1.43	1	1.20	1	0.31	1	1.86	.2664	1.09	1	1.17	1

Comparison of lorazepam-treated (n = 29) and placebo-treated (n = 30) participants and comparison of 2 patients with bilateral amygdala lesions and matched healthy control participants (n = 17). Results are shown from 2 (group: lorazepam/placebo or lesion/control) × 3 (threat: low, medium, or high) × 2 (task: active or passive) × 15 (time bins of 1 second each) analyses of variance. Overall condition effects are presented as F values; polynomial contrasts and the overall effects of task and group are presented as signed t values. Results are Greenhouse-Geisser corrected for violations of multisphericity, and secondary measures are Bonferroni corrected for six measures per experiment. (For ease of comparison across primary and secondary measures, the table lists p values multiplied by the number of measures in the correction. Resulting values exceeding 1 are stated as 1.) Linear contrasts are coded as higher dependent values for lorazepam than placebo or for patients than control participants, for higher levels of threat, and for later time points. For more results on both studies, see Supplemental Figure S1. For more results of the lorazepam study, see also Supplemental Tables S1 to S4. For more results of the amygdala study, see also Supplemental Figure S3 and Supplemental Tables S5 and S6.

^aCorrected significance level: p < .05.