Table 2.
Inclusion criteria and results in the 15 studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Inclusion criteria and design | Estimates (95% CI) % AF patients treated with OACs |
|---|---|---|
| Otterstad et al.27 | In 7665 patients with stable CHD the prognostic impact of baseline and new onset AF was assessed in comparison with non-AF patients in a randomised trial (ACTION) | HR (MI; HF; mortality): Prevalent AF: 1.2 (0.8–1.8); 1.7 (1.0–2.7); 1.4 (1.0–2.0) Incident AF: 1.0 (0.6–1.6); 5.4 (3.7–8.0); 3.0 (2.4–3.9) OAC: Prevalent AF: 25%. Incident AF: n.a. |
| Ruigomez et al.11 | In 9057 patients selected from general practice in the UK the incidence of MI was determined for patients with a first diagnosis of AF and a control group without AF | RR 2.1 (1.6–2.9) for MI, angina, PCI or CABG OAC: n.a. |
| Goto et al.26 | In 63,589 patients with atherothrombosis, of whom 37,724 had CHD, the prognostic impact of AF vs. non-AF on subsequent MI, heart failure and mortality was studied | Adjusted event rates among AF vs. non-AF: CHD: 1.6% vs. 1.4%. Total 1.4% vs. 1.1% for MI CHD: 9.4% vs. 3.8%. Total 8.3% vs. 2.7% for HF CHD: 4.4% vs. 2.3%. Total 4.3% vs. 2.3% for mortality OAC: Prevalent AF in the total study group of 63589 patients: 53% |
| Marte et al.12 | In 613 patients who underwent coronary angiography the risk of mortality and major coronary events (coronary death and non-fatal MI) was compared between patients with AF vs. SR | HR 4.8 (2.2–10.8) for mortality HR 3.6 (1.4–9.7) for major coronary events OAC: Prevalent AF: 57% |
| Bouzas-Mosquera et al.28 | In 17,100 patients with known or suspected CHD referred for exercise ECG the prognostic impact of prevalent AF was compared with non-AF | HR 0.77 (0.53–1.11) for non-fatal MI HR 1.45 (1.20–1.76) for mortality OAC: n.a. (not included in adjusted analyses) |
| Conen et al.24 | In 34,722 women (Women’s Health Study) free of AF and CV disease at baseline the association between AF and mortality and MI was evaluated | HR 3.1 (2.1–4.8) for MI HR 2.1 (1.6–2.8) for mortality OAC: At the time of incident AF diagnosis: 53% |
| Jabre et al.25 | In 3220 patients hospitalised with first-ever MI long-term mortality among patients with AF prior to MI and late AF was compared with those in SR | AF prior to MI: HR 1.5 (1.3–1.7) for mortality Late AF (>30 days after MI): HR 2.6 (2.2–3.0) for mortality OAC: n.a. |
| Bramlage et al.23 | In 5772 patients who underwent PCI the prognostic impact of AF was compared with patients in SR | OR 0.5 (0.2–1.1) for MI OR 1.8 (1.2–2.8) for mortality OAC: Prevalent AF: 26% |
| Soliman et al.22 | In 14,462 participants free from CHD on inclusion the risk of MI following AF at baseline and during follow-up was compared with non-AF participants | HR 1.6 (1.3–2.0) for MI OAC: Prevalent AF: 1.3%. Incident AF: n.a. |
| O’Neal et al.20 | In 4608 participants free from CHD at baseline the risk of MI following AF vs. non-AF was explored | HR 1.7 (1.4–2.2) for MI OAC: n.a. |
| Chao et al.21 | In 12,114 patients with AF with CHA2DS2-VASC score of 0 (men) or 1 (women) the risk of MI was compared with age, sex and CHA2DS2-VASC score-matched controls with SR (1:1) | HR 2.9 (2.2–3.9) for MI OAC: Prevalent AF: 0% |
| Andersson et al.29 | The clinical outcome of 9519 patients with incident AF and no other diseases was compared with 12,468 controls without AF, matched for age, sex and calendar year of the diagnosis of AF | HR for MI; HF; mortality Women: 1.6 (1.3–2.0; 4.8 (4.0–5.8); 1.4 (1.3–1.6) Men: 1.2 (1.0–1.4); 4.4 (3.7–5.3); 1.2 (1.0–1.3) OAC: n.a |
| Rohla et al.19 | In 1434 stable CHD patients, long-term mortality was compared between patients with AF vs. SR | HR 1.7 (1.13–2.5) for mortality OAC: Prevalent AF: 36% |
| Soliman et al.5 | In 23,928 participants without CHD at baseline, the prognostic impact of baseline AF vs. non-AF on subsequent MI was studied | HR 1.7 (1.3–2.3) for MI OAC: Prevalent AF: 19.9% |
| Vermond et al.13 | In 8265 participants without AF at baseline the association between subsequent AF and CV events and mortality was assessed | HR 2.2 (1.1–4.8) for CV events (cardiac, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular) HR 3.0 (1.7–5.3) for mortality OAC: n.a. |
CI: confidence interval; OAC: oral anticoagulation; AF: atrial fibrillation; CHD: coronary heart disease; HR: hazard ratio; MI: myocardial infarction; HF: heart failure; n.a.: not available; UK: United Kingdom; RR: relative risk; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; SR: sinus rhythm; ECG: electrocardiogram; CV: cardiovascular; OR: odds ratio.