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. 2017 Sep 14;12(9):e0184522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184522

Table 4. Context-specific features.

Authors (year of publication) Competing logics Lack of time Role ambiguity Lack of support
Andersson (2015) [8] Identity struggles - - -
Barrable (1988) [34] - More time needed for leadership role Lack of clarity about job content -
Betson & Pedroja (1989) [11] - - - -
Buchanan et al. (1997) [12] Management versus clinical work, different objectives Threat to clinical work, more time needed for leadership role, work overload Lack of clarity about job content Lack of support
Dawson et al. (1995) [35] Management versus clinical work Threat to clinical work, work overload - Importance of support of clinical colleagues and executives, no financial reimbursement
Dedman et al. (2011) [13] Different objectives - Lack of clarity about job content -
Dine et al. (2010) [36] - - - -
Dwyer (2010) [28] - - - -
Hallier & Forbes (2005) [37] Management versus clinical work, distrust - Lack of clarity about job content Lack of support (of executives and clinical colleagues), no formal responsibility, no financial reimbursement
Holmboe et al. (2003) [38] - - - -
Hopkins et al. (2015) [39] - - - -
Kindig & Lastirir-Quiros (1989) [40] -
- - -
Authors (year of publication) Competing logics Lack of time Role ambiguity Lack of support
Kippist & Fitzgerald (2009) [31] - Management versus clinical work, more time needed for leadership role, work overload Lack of clarity about job content, lack of job description, opportunity for role making Lack of formal responsibility
Kuhlman et al. 2016 [41] Identity struggles - Lack of clarity about job content Lack of organizational support, lack of acceptance within the medical field, lack of formal responsibility
Leigh & Newman (1997) [42] Tensions Time consuming - No support (of secretaries and assistants), no financial reimbursement
Llewellyn (2001) [43] Distrust, different objectives Threat to clinical work and credibility - -
Meier (2015) [2] - - - -
Mo (2008) [44] Distrust, different objectives Threat to clinical work - -
Ong (1998) [32] Tensions, different objectives More time needed for leadership role No role models, lack of clarity about job content, no role recognition, opportunity for role making No support (by executives and clinical colleagues), isolation
Palmer et al. (2009) [45] - - - -
Pepermans et al. (2001) [47] - - - -
Quinn &Perelli 2016 [46] Identity struggles, tensions Time consuming, threat to clinical work and credibility Lack of clarity about job content No financial reimbursement
Robinson et al. (2013) [48] - Lack of time Lack of job description -
Authors (year of publication) Competing logics Lack of time Role ambiguity Lack of support
Rotar et al. 2016 [49] - - - -
Spehar et al. (2015) [50] Identity struggles, management versus clinical work More time needed for leadership role, work overload - -
Spyridonidis et al. (2015) [51] - - Opportunity for role making Support as interference
Taylor et al. (2008) [52] - - - -
Thorne (1997a) [53] Management versus clinical work - No role models Trust of colleagues needed
Thorne (1997b) [54] Identity struggles, tensions, distrust Work overload Lack of job description, lack of clarity about job content, opportunity for role making Lack of support (of executives and clinical colleagues)
Vinot (2014) [9] - - - -
Willcocks (1995) [30] Identity struggles, management versus clinical work Threat to clinical work Lack of clarity about job content -
Williams (2001) [10] - - - -
Williams & Ewell (1996) [55] - - -
Witman et al. (2010) [6] Different objectives Management versus clinical work, threat to clinical work and credibility - -